The action potential and comparative pharmacology of stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes.

INTRODUCTION The cardiac action potential (CAP) of stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes (SC-hCMs) is potentially the most powerful preclinical biomarker for cardiac safety and efficacy in humans. Our experiments tested this hypothesis by examining the CAP and relevant pharmacology of these cells. METHODS The electrophysiological and pharmacological profiles of SC-hCMs were compared to rabbit and canine Purkinje fibers (PFs). Ventricular SC-hCMs provided the dominant electrophysiological phenotype (approximately 82%) in a population of ventricular, atrial and nodal cardiomyocytes (CMs). The effects of reference compounds were measured in SC-hCMs using perforated patch, current clamp recording. Selective inhibitors of I(Kr), I(Ks), I(Ca,L), and I(Na), and norepinephrine (NE), were tested on SC-hCM action potentials (APs). RESULTS AP prolongation was observed upon exposure to hERG channel blockers (terfenadine, quinidine, cisapride, sotalol, E-4031 and verapamil), with significantly shorter latencies than in PF assays. For the torsadogenic compounds, terfenadine and quinidine, SC-hCM AP prolongation occurred at significantly lower concentrations than in canine or rabbit PF APs. Moreover, the I(Ks) blocker chromanol 293B prolonged APs from SC-hCMs, whereas both rabbit and canine PF assays are insensitive to I(Ks) blockers in the absence of adrenergic preconditioning. Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) were induced by 100 nM E-4031 and 100 nM cisapride in the SC-hCM assay, but not in the canine or rabbit PF assay. Selective inhibition of I(Na) and I(Ca,L) slowed V(max) and shortened AP duration, respectively. NE prolonged the AP duration of SC-hCMs. DISCUSSION The CAP of SC-hCMs has been validated as a powerful preclinical biomarker for cardiac safety and efficacy. In addition to its human nature, the SC-hCM AP assay removes diffusion delays, reduces test compound consumption, demonstrates an overall pharmacological sensitivity that is greater than conventional rabbit or canine PF assays, and accurately predicts cardiac risk of known torsadogenic compounds.